THE 


NINETEENTH 
CENTURY 

AND    AFTER 


A  MONTHLY  REVIEW 

EDITED  BY  JAMES  KNOWLES. 

No.  307.     SEPTEMBER,  1902. 

I.     Some  Blunders  and  a  Scapegoat.  By  the  Hon.  John  Fortescue 

II.     With  the  Boers  on  the  North  of  the  Tugela. 

By  Baron  A.  Von  Maltzan 

III.  Honour  to  whom  Honour  is  Due.  By  Edward  Dicey,  C.B. 

IV.  Conditions  of  Labour  in  New  Zealand.         .  .  By  Tom  Mann 
V.     The  Beginnings  of  an  Australian  National  Character. 

By  Percy  F.  Rowland 

VI.     Education  in  Egypt.         .  .  .  .  By  R.  Fitzroy  Bell 

VII.     In  the  Day-room  of  a  London  Workhouse.       By  Miss  Edith  Sellers 

VIII.     The  Inclosure  of  Stonehenge.  {With  a  Map.)  By  Sir  Robert  Hunter 

IX.     The  Fabric  Fund  of  Westminster  Abbey.     By  Miss  Rose  M.  Bradley 

X.     The  Bodleian  Library.       ....         By  Ernest  A.  Savage 

XI.     The  Exhibition  of  Early  Flemish  Art  in  Bruges.      By  Mary  H.  Witt 

XII.     Hymns,  Ancient  and  Modern.  By  the  Right  Hon.  Earl  Nelson 

XIII.  ^^o^§D»ferig&«  'fflOTBFBffllEktion  Bill.  By  A.  W.  Gattie 

XIV.  The  Development  of  the  Air-ship.  By  the  Rev.  John  M.  Bacon 
XV.     Hafiz.         .          .          .                    ....         By  James  Mew 

XVI.     Last  Month:     The  Coronation.  .  .  By  Sir  Wemyss  Reid 

XVII.     Sermon  to  the  Colonial  Troops.     By  the  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Welldon 


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THE 


NINETEENTH 
OENTUEY 

AND  AFTER 


No.  CCOVII— September  1902 


464  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY  Sept. 


HYMNS,   ANCIpNT  AND  MODERN 

'  In  quires  and  places  ivhere  they  sing,  here  followeth  the  anthem,' 
points  to  a  very  large  amount  of  deadness.  According  to  our  modern 
ideas  of  Church  life,  there  would  be  not  much  appearance  of  it  with- 
out singing. 

The  Wesleys  would  never  have  carried  on  their  missions  to  the 
neglected  heathen  population  in  our  midst  if  they  had  not  had  the 
help  of  their  hymns. 

And,  in  our  own  day,  Moody  and  Sankey's  Hymns,  with  their 
telling  tunes,  became  the  mainspring  of  their  missionary  efforts. 
We  are  not  now  called  upon  to  decide  how  far  these  exciting  methods 
help  '  to  build  up  a  sure  foundation  '  to  last  to  eternity.  For  my  own 
part,  I  regret  to  find  the  Wesleyans  are  substituting  Moody  and 
Sankey  for  the  sound  teaching  to  be  found  in  Wesley's  hymns.  It 
is  curious  to  read  that  the  Wesleyan  chaplain  with  the  troops  in 
South  Africa,  though  there  were  lots  of  New  Testaments,  was  nearly 
brought  to  a  stand-still  from  the  want  of  Moody  and  Sankey's 
Hymns. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  a  great  deal  of  the  slip-slop  doggerel  that 
is  carried  off  by  a  good  tune  in  many  of  our  modern  missions,  and 
the  careless  way  in  which  hymns  when  wanted  for  special  occasions 
are  composed,  have  tended  to  tempt  us  to  scout  hymns  altogether  and 
to  treat  them  as  if  they  were  of  no  possible  good  or  power,  and  as  if 
there  was  no  possibility  of  finding  true  poetry  and  true  inspiration 
and  sound  Gospel  truths  in  any  hymns  !  The  Psalms  of  David  have 
been  accepted  into  daily — almost  hourly — use  by  the  whole  Church 
from  the  beginning,  and  although  Tate  and  Brady,  and  even  the 
Presbyterian  Psalter  in  verse  (generally  limited  to  four  verses  at  a 
time),  have  done  their  best  to  belittle  hymnology,  we  cannot  ignore 
the  inspiring  comfort  under  every  need  which  the  Psalter  and  the 
other  special  hymns  in  the  Bible  bring  home  to  us.  No  one  can 
deny  the  power  of  hymns  or  their  poetry  and  inspiration  who  has 
read  John  Keble's  Christian  Year,  or  who  has  fully  realised  the 
extraordinary  power  which  that  publication  had  in  advancing  the 
great  Oxford  Movement  and  bringing  life  and  power  into  a  nearly 
moribund  Church. 

It  is  also  well  known  that  throughout  Christendom  hymns  were 


1902  HYMNS,   ANCIENT  AND   MODERN  465 

written  with,  no  small  amount  of  direct  inspiration  and  power.  Fall 
of  sound  doctrine  and  wonderfully  acceptable  for  the  expression  of 
praise  for  many  mercies,  I  have  only  to  mention  the  Te  Deum 
Landamus. 

But  when,  in  a.d.  1857,  I,  at  the  request  of  Bishop  Hamilton  of 
Salisbury,  and  through  the  help  of  John  Keble,  attempted  to  bring 
out  the  first  combination  of  Hymns,  Ancient  and  Modern  in  the 
First  Salisbury  Hymn  Book,  the  position  of  affairs  was  a  peculiar 
one.  It  is  true  that  the  Hymnal  Noted  had  attempted  to  translate 
the  Latin  hymns  from  the  old  Service  Books,  but  they  had  failed 
to  render  them  into  the  Anglo-Saxon  tongue.  They  were  fall  of 
Latinised  words,  English,  because  those  who  knew  Latin  had 
adopted  them  into  the  English  language,  but  utterly  beyond  the 
understanding  of  the  common  people.  Then  with  the  modern 
hymns  we  were  no  better  off.  We  knew  then  nothing  of  the 
originals.  I  used  to  send  to  Mr.  Keble  such  hymns  from  the 
different  collections  which  I  thought  it  necessary  we  should  embody 
in  our  book ;  but  they  seldom  consisted  of  more  than  four  verses. 
Mr.  Keble  used  to  remark  at  the  scarcity  of  sound  teaching  and  of 
scripture  reference  to  be  found  in  these  mangled  portions,  when 
compared  with  the  rich  abundance  in  this  respect  to  be  found  in 
hymns  from  the  Breviary. 

This  drove  us  to  add  a  doxology  to  every  hymn  to  secure  sound 
teaching,  and  led  us  much  more  frequently  to  alter  hymns — which 
is  evidently  a  great  mistake.  Before  the  second  Salisbury  book  was 
out  this  difficulty  was  removed  by  Lord  Selborne,  then  Roundell 
Palmer,  who  brought  out  the  Book  of  Praise,  containing  the  original 
versions,  and  at  fall  length,  of  a  great  number  of  the  modern  hymns. 
A  good  man  named  Sidgwick  had  taken  up  the  work  laboriously,  and 
his  labours  made  the  task  of  comparatively  easy  attainment.  Under 
this  new  phase  the  want  of  sound  teaching  and  scripture  references 
was  no  longer  a  true  accusation,  and  many  of  the  alterations  would 
have  been  undreamt  of,  but  it  all  came  too  late  for  our  first  book. 

I  will  give  here  one  specimen  of  John  Keble's  alteration  of  a 
well-known  hymn  by  Isaac  Watts, 

When  I  survey  the  wondrous  Cross. 

Of  course,  though  we  published  it  in  our  book  we  could  not  hope  it 
would  supplant  so  well-known  and  popular  a  hymn.  But  it  illustrates 
John  Keble's  reverential  feeling,  and  illustrates  his  power,  by  the 
alteration  of  &  few  ivords,  to  bring  out  the  fulness  of  sound  teaching. 
He  had,  I  believe,  a  false  impression  that  Watts  was  a  Unitarian. 

Watts 

When  I  survey  the  wondrous  Cross 

On  which  the  Prince  of  Glory  died, 

My  greatest  gain  I  count  but  loss, 

And  pour  contempt  on  all  my  pride. 
Vol.  LII — No.  307  H  H 


4G6  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY  Sept. 

Keble 
Whereon  the  King  of  Glory  died, 
Learn  we  to  count  all  gain  but  loss, 
And  pour  contempt  on  all  our  pride. 

Watts 

4.th  verse.  Were  the  whole  realm  of  nature  mine, 
That  were  a  present  far  too  small ; 
Love  so  amazing,  so  Divine, 
Demands  my  hope,  my  life,  my  all. 

Keble 

4tk  verse.  Were  heaven  and  earth  our  own, 

Too  small  the  offering  for  one  throb  of  Thine  ; 
O  Wondrou9  Love,  our  all  in  all, 
Change  us  entire  to  Love  Divine ! 

A  good  deal  was  from  a  desire  to  make  it  congregational ;  but  the 
powerful  teaching  of  Keble's  alteration  is  very  manifest. 

Though  I  have  pointed  out  some  faults,  and  ventured  to  show 
the  cause  of  our  shortcomings  from  our  undertaking  the  work  before 
we  had  proper  material  to  deal  with  it,  it  must  not  be  thought  that 
this  book  was  not  of  great  help  to  the  formation  of  a  suitable  com- 
panion to  the  Prayer  Book. 

It  was  the  first  book  published  with  Hymns,  Ancient  and  Modern 
combined. 

It  gave  improved  translations  of  many  Latin  hymns. 

It  boldly  broke  through,  wherever  we  could,  the  disparaging 
mutilation  of  the  four- verse  system. 

It  ventured  on  difficult  metres  apart  from  the  common  doggerel, 
trusting  to  the  help  of  special  tunes. 

It  added,  with  J.  Keble's  sanction,  a  few  hymns  suitable  to  public 
worship  from  the  Christian  Year, 

I  would  mention  here  a  great  difficulty  in  the  selection  of 
hymns;  the  atrociously  bad  rhymes  which  have  come  about  from 
an  alteration  in  the  pronouncing  of  words.  In  Wesley's  time  such  a 
word  els  join  was  pronounced  exactly  to  rhyme  with  divine.  I  will 
give  another  case.  Dr.  Mansell  of  Egham,  when  I  was  compiling  the 
Second  Book,  was  greatly  disappointed  that  I  did  not  take  any  of  the 
beautiful  hymns  from  his  book  because  of  the  rhymes,  and  he  could 
never  see  my  objection,  because,  as  an  Irishman,  he  pronounced  Jesus 
as  the  exact  rhyme  for  Save  us. 

I  believe  the  use  of  a  for  e  is  right  in  the  Latin,  but  in  English 
it  seemed  to  me  to  be  almost  profane. 

There  were  other  things  I  learnt  in  the  compilation  of  the  First 
Book — the  impossibility  of  getting  hymns  written  to  order.  To 
write  a  lot  of  hymns  to  order  is  sure  to  result  in  doggerel ;  a  true 
inspiration  is  the  only  thing  which  will  make  a  hymn  live.     I  never 


1902  HYMNS,   ANCIENT  AND   MODERN  4G7 

asked  Mr.  Keble  to  write  me  a  marriage  hymn,  though.  I  sadly 
wanted  one  for  my  book.  It  was  at  the  time  of  the  passing  of  the 
Divorce  Act,  to  which  he  and  I  were  greatly  opposed.  I  one  day,  to 
my  delight,  on  the  inside  of  an  old  envelope  with  the  simple  words 
'  Do  you  think  this  may  help  on  our  work  against  the  Bill  ? '  found 
the  beautiful  hymn  which  I  think  will  ever  live  in  our  English 
Hymn  Book. 

A  threefold  cord  is  not  quickly  Irolien. — Ecc.  iv.  12. 

The  voice  that  breathed  o'er  Eden, 

That  earliest  "wedding-day, 
The  primal  marriage  blessing, 

It  hath  not  passed  away : 

Still  in  the  pure  espousal 

Of  Christian  man  and  maid 
The  Holy  Three  are  with  us, 

The  threefold  grace  is  said, 

For  dower  of  blessed  children, 

For  love  and  faith's  sweet  sake, 
For  high  mysterious  union 

Which  nought  on  earth  can  break. 

Be  present,  awful  Father, 

To  givo  away  this  bride, 
As  Eve  thou  gav'st  to  Adam 

Out  of  his  own  pierced  side. 

Be  present,  Son  of  }Iary, 

To  join  their  loving  hands, 
As  Thou  didst  bind  two  natures 

In  Thine  Eternal  bands  ; 

Be  present,  Holiest  Spirit, 

To  bless  them  as  they  kneel, 
As  Thou  for  Christ,  the  Bridegroom, 

The  heavenly  spouse  dost  seal. 

0  spread  Thy  pure  wing  o'er  them, 

Let  no  ill  power  find  place, 
When  onward  to  Thine  Altar 

The  hallow'd  path  they  trace, 

To  cast  their  crowns  before  Thee 

In  perfect  sacrifice, 
Till  in  the  home  of  gladness 

With  Christ's  own  Bride  they  rise. 

This  is  true  more  or  less  with  every  hymn  that  has  gained  a 
secure  place.  Lyte's  hymn,  '  Abide  with  me,'  was  written  when 
near  death.  '  Eock  of  Ages '  came  out  first  at  the  end  of  a  short 
tract   which   Toplady   had  written   in   answer  to   Wesley,  who,  he 

H  H   2 


4G8  THE  NINETEENTH   CENTURY  Sept. 

thought,  had  taught  the  possibility  of  a  Christian  attaining  per- 
fection in  this  life.  '  The  only  way  in  which  the  greatest  saint 
can  come  before  his  Maker  is  in  words  like  these.' 

Newman's  '  Lead,  kindly  Light '  was  written  at  a  time  of  great 
distress  and  searching  of  heart,  though  part  of  its  acceptance  is 
due  to  the  beautiful  tune  and  to  the  misinterpretation  of  the  words 

And  with  the  morn  those  Angel  faces  smile, 
Which  I  have  loved  long  since,  but  lost  awhile, 

referring  to  some  visions  in  his  youth  which  used  to  rejoice  his 
heart. 

So,  too,  with  '  Peace,  perfect  Peace,'  by  Bishop  Bickersteth  ;  and 
here  we  have  a  proof  of  how  dangerous  it  is  for  a  great  poet  to  add 
to  or  alter  another  poet's  hymn,  the  additional  verse  to  '  Lead, 
kindly  Light '  being  a  confessed  failure. 

But  we  must  now  come  to  the  next  book  under  the  influence  of 
the  Book  of  Praise,  which  showed  how  grievously  others  as  well  as 
ourselves  had  altered  original  hymns. 

And  first  with  C.  Wesley's  Christmas  Hymn.  We  found  that  he 
had  written 

Hark  how  all  the  welkin  rings 
Glory  to  the  King  of  Kings. 

'Welkin'  is  the  old  Saxon  for  the  'juncture  line  beween  sky  and 
earth.'  I  should  like  to  keep  the  word  for  its  own  sake,  but  much 
more  for  its  true  poetry.  I  can  see  Charles  Wesley  in  the  early 
morning  crowning  the  top  of  some  hill  on  his  way  to  an  early 
celebration,  when  the  steeples  of  all  the  churches  in  the  valley  ring 
out  the  '  Grlory  to  the  King  of  Kings.'  For  this  we  have  an  untruth 
drafted  into  the  hymn,  for  there  was  only  one  herald-angel,  and  he 
did  not  sing  '  Grlory  to  the  King  of  Kings.'  He  gave  the  message 
in  response  to  which  'the  multitude  of  the  heavenly  host'  sang  the 
Song  of  Praise. 

Again,  in  the  Ascension  Hymn,  Wesley  wrote  in  the  fifth  verse, 
after  describing  the  Ascension  into  Heaven  : 

See,  He  lifts  His  Hands  above  ; 
See,  He  shows  the  prints  of  Love  ; 
Hark !  His  gracious  lips  bestow 
Blessings  on  His  Church  below, 

evidently  referring  to  the  '  continual  intercession  before  the  Throne.' 
A  lady  wrote  abusing  me  for  destroying  the  hymn  by  putting  the 
fifth  verse  after  the  fourth,  supposing  it  only  referred  to  His  blessing 
them  as  He  was  taken  out  of  their  sight.  Wesley  knew  better,  and 
was  teaching  true  doctrine. 

To  show  how  a  hymn  is  damaged  by  the  omission  of  a  verse, 
I  would  refer  to  an  old  Latin  hymn,  'Jordanis  oras  previa.'  It  is 
generally  used  for  Advent,  and  the  second  verse  is  omitted,  but  it 


1902  HYMNS,   ANCIENT  AND  MODERN  4G9 

was  originally  written  for  '  John  the  Baptist's  Day  '  at  Midsummer, 
where  the  omitted  verse  brings  all  the  poetry  into  the  hymn  : 

E'en  now  the  air,  the  sea,  the  land, 
Feel  that  their  Maker  is  at  hand  ; 
The  very  elements  rejoice 
And  welcome  Him  with  cheerful  voice. 

There  is  a  noble  hymn  of  Jeremy  Taylor's  which  ought  to  be  in 
a  National  Hymn  Book,  though  it  is  of  very  quaint  metre ;  but  as  a 
general  hymn  it  is  applicable  to  Advent,  Lent,  and  Palm  Sunday, 
and  is  a  good  example  of  the  class  of  hymn  which  takes  the  form 
of  a  paraphrase  of  Holy  Scripture  : 

Lord,  come  away,  why  dost  Thou  stay  ? 

Thy  road  is  ready ;  and  Thy  paths  made  straight, 

"With  longing  expectation  wait — 

The  consecration  of  Thy  beauteous  Feet ! 

Ride  on  triumphantly  !  behold  we  lay 

Our  passions,  lusts,  and  proud  wills  in  Thy  Way  ! 

Hosannah  !     Welcome  to  our  hearts.     Lord,  here 

Thou  hast  a  Temple,  too,  and  full  as  dear 

As  that  of  Sion  ;  and  as  full  of  sin  : 

Nothing  but  thieves  and  robbers  dwell  therein. 

Enter ;  and  chase  them  forth,  and  cleanse  the  floor  ! 

Crucify  them,  that  they  may  never  more 

Profane  that  holy  place, 

Where  Thou  hast  chose  to  set  Thy  Face. 

And,  then,  if  our  stiff  tongues  shall  be 

Mute  in  the  praises  of  Thy  Deity, 

The  stones  out  of  the  Temple  wall 

Shall  cry  aloud,  and  call, 

Hosannah  !  and  Thy  glorious  Footsteps  greet ! 

For  paraphrases  we  must  not  forget  '  Nearer,  my  God,  to  Thee/ 
by  Mrs.  Adams,  President  McKinley's  favourite  hymn,  on  Gen.  xxviii. 
10,  or  Charles  Wesley's  famous  paraphrase  on  Wrestling  Jacob, 
'Come,  0  Thou  Traveller  unknown,'  on  Gen.  xxxii.  24,  &c,  or 
*  Know  ye  the  Lord  hath  borne  away,'  by  Canon  Twells,  on 
2  Kings  ii. ;  and  we  have  only  to  refer  to  Sternold  and  Hopkins's 
'  Old  Hundredth' — worthy  of  its  tune;  Tate  and  Brady's  '0  God, 
our  help  in  ages  past ' ;  Wesley's  '  Soldiers  of  Christ,  arise  ' ;  and  Sir 
Henry  William  Baker's  best  paraphrase  of  the  Twenty-third  Psalm, 
which  is  so  sweet  that  I  must  give  it : 

The  King  of  Love  my  Shepherd  is, 

Whose  goodness  faileth  never ; 
I  nothing  lack  if  I  am  His 

And  He  is  mine  for  ever. 

Where  streams  of  living  waters  now 

My  ransomed  soul  He  leadeth, 
And  where  the  verdant  pastures  grow 

With  food  celestial  feedeth. 


470  THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURV  Sept. 

Perverse  and  foolish  oft  I  strayed, 

But  yet  in  love  lie  sought  me, 
And  on  His  Shoulder  gently  laid, 

And  home,  rejoicing,  brought  me. 

In  death's  dark  vale  I  fear  no  ill 

With  Thee,  dear  Lord,  "beside  me; 
Thy  rod,  Thy  staff,  my  comfort  still, 

Thy  Cross  before  to  guide  me. 

Thou  spread'st  a  Table  in  my  sight ; 

Thy  Unction  grace  bestoweth  ; 
And  oh,  -what  transport  of  delight 

From  Thy  pure  Chalice  noweth ! 

And  so  through  all  the  length  of  days 

Thy  goodness  faileth  never  : 
Good  Shepherd,  may  I  sing  Thy  praise 

Within  Thine  House  for  ever. 

But  after  all  it  will  be  asked  :  '  Is  it  a  right  and  proper  thing  to 
have  a  Hymn  Book  as  a  companion  to  the  Prayer  Book,  and,  if  so, 
of  what  sort  of  hymns  should  it  consist  ?  ' 

If  there  is  to  be  one,  it  must  be  on  as  broad  a  basis  as  the 
Prayer  Book  itself :  it  must  be  in  as  pure  English,  and  there  must 
be  no  attempt  to  enforce  it,  for  the  use  of  hymns  is  at  present  a 
safety  valve  from  that  extreme  uniformity  which  is  so  opposed  to 
all  true  unity,  and  is  of  itself  a  burden  almost  too  heavy  for  us  to 
bear.  This  points  to  a  selection  of  good  hymns,  and  the  permission 
of  many  appendices  for  missions,  for  the  young,  &c.  There  is  no 
doubt  that  the  old  Latin  hymns  with  good  English  translations 
should  form  a  prominent  part  of  the  book,  and  they  should  be  placed 
for  the  fast  or  festival  for  which  they  were  originally  written.  As 
we  took  our  Prayer  Book  from  the  old  Service  Books,  this  would  be 
on  direct  Reformation  lines,  and  it  is  well  known  that  Cranmer 
would  have  introduced  more  if  there  had  been  the  chance  of  getting 
suitable  translations.  John  Cosin's  translation  of  Charlemagne's 
hymn,  '  Veni  Creator  Spiritus,'  is  a  good  specimen,  and,  being  a  true 
translation,  has  obtained  a  hold  amongst  our  people.  John  Mason 
Neale's  translations  have  also  popularised  many  Latin  hymns  and 
many  valuable  selections  from  Greek  hymns.  Then  there  should 
be  a  selection  of  narrative  hymns  bringing  out  the  teachings  of 
the  Christian  year,  and  a  large  selection  of  modern  hymns  which 
have  won  their  way  generally  into  the  hearts  of  our  people. 

But  this  foreshadowing  of  a  future  authorised  Hymn  Book  is 
rather  beyond  the  general  intention  of  the  article.  Of  course  a 
collection  of  hymns  from  all  sections  and  all  ages  of  the  Church  will 
be  in  itself  a  great  incentive  to  true  unity.  But  my  chief  desire 
has  been  to  show  that  there  are  really  many  good  hymns,  the  reflex 


1902  HYMNS,   ANCIENT  AND  MODERN  471 

of  the  work  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the  hearts  of  all  sorts  of  people 
in  times  of  trial — whether  of  distress  or  of  joy.  Such  hymns  will 
always  contain  true  poetry  and  an  innate  power  to  move  the  hearts 
of  men,  and  this  should  be  enough  to  save  hymns  from  the  degrada- 
tion which  the  careless  writing  of  hymns  without  any  special  call 
or  inspiration  has  brought  upon  them.  The  inspired  Bible  is  full 
ofl  the  finest  poetry.  Shakespeare,  Tennyson,  and  other  semi- 
inspired  poets  arising  in  our  midst  from  time  to  time  would  rank 
next  in  their  influence  for  good. 

But  the  poor  hymn-writer  must  not  be  forgotten.  Many  a  hymn 
has  been  known  to  have  great  influence  in  turning  men  God-ward. 
And  a  general  book,  voicing  the  religious  experiences  of  men  from 
every  clime  and  in  every  age,  would  have  no  mean  share  in  the 
formation  of  our  national  character. 

Nelson. 

A.RY    DIGEST  [November  15,  1902 

HYMNOLOGY   REVIEWED    BY  AN   ENGLISH 
PEER. 

THE  veteran  Anglican  churchman,  Lord  Nelson,  contributes 
an  article  full  of  interesting  and  suggestive  reminiscences 
to  The  Xineteenth  Century  and  After  (September)  on  the  sub- 
ject, "Hymns,  Ancient  and  Modern."  He  is  well  qualified  to 
write  on  hymnology,  for,  as  is  pointed  out  by  the  London 
Church  Review,  he  was  associated,  as  far  back  as  fifty  years 
ago,  with  Bishop  Hamilton  and  John  Keble  in  the  publication  of 
a  collection  of  standard  hymns.  Hymn-singing  was  at  that  time 
comparatively  unknown  in  the  Anglican  Church,  and  the  at- 
tempts to  translate  the  Latin  hymns  from  the  old  service-books 
had  not  been  successful.  These  hymns  "were  full  of  Latinized 
words,  English,  because  those  who  knew  Latin  had  adopted 
them  into  the  English  language,  but  utterly  beyond  the  under- 
standing of  the  common  people."     Lord  Nelson  continues  : 

"With  the  modern  hymns  we  were  no  better  off.  We  knew 
then  nothing  of  the  originals.  I  used  to  send  to  Mr.  Keble  such 
hymns  from  the  different  collections  which  I  thought  it  necessary 
we  should  embody  in  our  book  ;  but  they  seldom  consisted  of 
more  than  four  verses.  Mr.  Keble  used  to  remark  at  the  scarcity 
of  sound  teaching  and  of  Scripture  reference  to  be  found  in 
these  mangled  portions,  when  compared  with  the  rich  abundance 
in  this  respect  to  be  found  in  hymns  from  the  Breviary.  This 
drove  us  to  add  a  doxology  to  every  hymn  to  secure  sound 
teaching,  and  led  us  much  more  frequently  to  alter  hymns — ■ 
which  is  evidently  a  great  mistake." 

One  of  Mr.  Keble' s  alterations  was  made  in  Watts 's  well- 
known  hymn,  "  When  I  survey  the  wondrous  cross."     The  fourth 


verse  runs 


Were  the  whole  realm  of  nature  mine, 
That  were  a  present  far  too  small  ; 

Love  so  amazing,  so  Divine. 
Demands  my  hope,  my  life,  try  all. 


This  Mr.  Keble  changed  to — 


Were  heaven  and  earth  our  own, 

Too  small  the  ofi.ex'xri'g  for" one  tlirob  of  tliint 
O  Wondrous  Love,  our  ali  in  all, 

Change  us  entire  to  Love  Divine  ! 


Lord  Nelson  remarks  that  wo  have  many  more  recent  instances 

of  "how  dangerous  it  is  for  a  great  poet  to  add  to  or  alter  another 

poet's  hymn."     And  The  Church  Review  adds:  "Candidly,    if 

472  Mr.  Keble  succeeded  no  better  in  other  hymns  than  in   this  one, 

we  do  not  wonder  that  the  book  had  only  a  brief  existence." 

Altho  there  were  many  imperfections  in  this  collection,  it  rep- 
resented the  first  attempt  to  combine  both  old  and  new  hymns, 
and  made  possible  the  later  hymn-book,  now  used  all  over  the 
world,  "Hymns,  Ancient  and  Modern."     Says  Lord  Nelson: 

"There  were  many  things  I  learnt  in  the  compilation  of  the 
First  Book,  among  them  the  impossibility  of  getting  hymns 
written  to  order.  To  write  a  lot  of  hymns  to  order  is  sure  to 
result  in  doggerel  ;  a  true  inspiration  is  the  only  thing  which 
will  make  a  hymn  live.  .  .  .  This  is  true  more  or  less  with  every 
hymn  that  has  gained  a  secure  place.  Lyte"s  hymn,  'Abide 
with  me,'  was  written  when  near  death.  'Rock  of  Ages  '  came 
out  first  at  the  end  of  a  short  tract  which  Toplady  had  written  in 
answer  to  Wesley,  who,  he  thought,  had  taught  the  possibility 
of  a  Christian  attaining  perfection  in  this  life.  '  The  only  way  in 
which  the  greatest  saint  can  come  before  his  Maker  is  in  words 
like  these.' 

"Newman's  'Lead,  kindly  Light'  was  written  at  a  time  of 
great  distress  and  searching  of  heart,  tho  part  of  its  acceptance 
is  due  to  the  beautiful  tune  and  to  the  misinterpretation  of  the 
words 

And  with  the  morn  those  angel  faces  smile, 
Which  I  have  loved  long  since,  but  lost  awhile, 

referring  to  some  visions  in  his  youth  which  used  to  rejoice  his 
heart." 

Lord  Nelson  looks  forward  to  a  time  when  an  authorized 
hymn-book  shall  be  published  "on  as  broad  a  basis  as  the  Prayer- 

Book  itself."  Such  a  collection,  he  thinks,  gathered  "  from  all 
sections  and  all  ages  of  the  church  will  be  of  itself  a  great  incen- 
tive to  true  unity."     He  concludes  : 

"My  chief  desire  has  been  to  show  that  there  are  really  many 
good   hymns,  the  reflex  of  the   work  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the 

hearts  of  all  sorts  of 
people  in  times  of 
trial — w  nether  of 
distress  or  of  joy. 
Such  hymns  will  al- 
ways contain  true 
poetry  and  an  innate 
power  to  move  the 
hearts  of  men,  and 
this  should  be 
enough  to  save 
hymns  from  the  deg- 
radation which  the 
careless  writing  of 
hymns  without  any 
special  call  or  in- 
spiration  has 
brought  upon  them. 
The  inspired  Bible 
is  full  of  the  finest 
poetry.  Shake- 
speare,  Tennyson, 
and  other  semi-in- 
spired poets  arising 
in  our  midst  from 
time  to  time  would  rank  next  in  their  influence  for  good. 

"But  the  poor  hymn-writer  must  not  be  forgotten.  Many  a 
hymn  has  been  known  to  have  great  influence  in  turning  men 
Godward.  And  a  general  book,  voicing  the  religious  experiences 
of  men  from  every  clime  and  in  every  age,  would  have  no  mean 
share  in  the  formation  of  our  national  character." 


LORD  NELSON. 


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